The Shifting Sands of Northumberland: A History of Changing Hands, Commoners, and Cuisine
Introduction:
Nestled in the northern reaches of England, Northumberland is a county with a rich and tumultuous history. Over the centuries, this picturesque region has witnessed the ebb and flow of power, as various kings and monarchs sought to lay claim to its rugged landscapes. In this blog post, we will explore the fascinating history of how Northumberland changed hands among different rulers, the integral role played by common people throughout the centuries, and the delectable cuisine that graced their tables.
Northumberland's Ever-Changing Sovereignty
Northumberland's strategic location, bordering Scotland, made it a coveted prize for ambitious monarchs. As a result, the county saw its fair share of royal shuffling.
The Anglo-Saxon Era (7th-11th centuries):
Northumberland's early history was marked by the presence of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms like Northumbria. Kings like Æthelfrith and Edwin ruled these lands, and their courts were filled with feasting and revelry. Commoners enjoyed simple fare, such as barley bread, meat stews, and honeyed treats.
Viking Incursions (8th-11th centuries):
Viking invasions brought new rulers to Northumberland. Norse kings established control, and their influence is still visible in the region's place names. Commoners incorporated Viking culinary traditions, including fish dishes and hearty breads, into their diet.
Norman Conquest (11th century):
With the Norman Conquest in 1066, Northumberland came under the control of William the Conqueror. Castles like Alnwick and Bamburgh were built during this era. While Norman nobility dined on elaborate feasts, the commoners' diet continued to revolve around grains, dairy, and locally sourced meats.
Scottish Intrigues (12th-16th centuries):
Northumberland's border location made it a battleground between England and Scotland. Kings such as William the Lion of Scotland and Edward I of England sought control over this vital territory. The commoners endured periods of conflict, with limited resources affecting their diet.
Tudor Period (16th century):
Under the Tudor monarchs, particularly Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, Northumberland experienced relative stability. Commoners enjoyed some improvements in their diet, with the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, and exotic spices.
Civil War and Beyond (17th-18th centuries):
The English Civil War and subsequent conflicts brought further upheaval. Northumberland was a battleground, and commoners struggled to put food on the table. Simple, hearty dishes like porridge and stews were staples during this turbulent time.
Victorian Era (19th century):
The Industrial Revolution transformed Northumberland, bringing economic changes and urbanisation. The commoners' diet expanded with access to new ingredients, and the region's mining communities introduced dishes like stottie cakes and pan haggerty.
The Resilience of Common People
Throughout these changes in leadership and circumstances, the common people of Northumberland remained resilient. They adapted their culinary traditions to the resources available, creating hearty and nourishing dishes that sustained them through challenging times. The resilience and resourcefulness of the common folk are woven into the tapestry of Northumberland's history.
A Taste of Northumberland's Cuisine
While Northumberland's cuisine has evolved over the centuries, it has always remained rooted in locally sourced ingredients. Commoners relied on the following staples:
Barley and Oats: These grains formed the basis of bread, porridge, and oatcakes.
Meats: Commoners enjoyed locally raised meats like lamb, beef, and pork, often prepared in stews or pies.
Fish: Northumberland's coastal location provided a steady supply of fish, including haddock, cod, and salmon.
Dairy: Milk, cheese, and butter were essential components of the diet.
Foraged Foods: Berries, wild mushrooms, and edible plants added variety to meals.
Conclusion:
The history of Northumberland is a testament to the enduring spirit of its people, who weathered the storms of changing rulers and circumstances while maintaining their unique culinary traditions. Today, Northumberland stands as a region rich in history, culture, and cuisine, reflecting the indomitable spirit of its common folk.